Indecisiveness :: essays research papers

Indecisiveness In the story Hamlet, there is a prince who is unable to make decisions for himself. A prince who must have good quality proof before he decides to do something. The public refers to people who cannot make decisions for themselves as people who are indecisive. In Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, Hamlet, is unable to make decisions for himself, and relies on the actions of others to make his final choice on wether to kill his Uncle Claudius or not. Many situations confirm this, such as when Hamlet put on a play, when someone was killed with something placed into the actors ear killing him and making Claudius panic and run off. Or when Hamlet says, "I'll have grounds/ more relative than this--the play's the thing/ Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King" (II.ii.583-585), this suggests that Hamlet is indecisive because he does not have enough information to decide if Claudius is guilty or not. And also in many of Hamlet’s soliloquies, Hamlet speaks to himself an d questions his own judgement at many times during the play. All this can lead one to believe that Hamlet’s fatal flaw was his inability to make a solid choice, or indecisiveness. Hamlet’s friend invited a group of traveling actors to come to the court and preform an act for Hamlet to cheer him up. Hamlet financially supports this group of actors and asks for them to, at the end, have a killing in which a liquid will be placed into the ear of a actor, thus killing him. Hamlet believes this will make Claudius snap and he will have enough proof to kill Claudius. The plan goes as follows and Claudius stands up, shouts for light, and rushes off. Hamlet and his friend Horatio agree that this is enough proof. But still, even after this incident, Hamlet never does anything to capitalize. Because of this incident, where in any other circumstance, Claudius would have no reason to run off, but he did, Hamlet should have been convinced that the ghost of his father that spoke to him months before was the ghost of his father, and not the devil. In act two, scene two, Hamlet says "I'll have grounds/ more relative than this--the play's the thing/ Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King" (II.ii.583-585), this tells a lot about Hamlet. First off, even though the ghost looked like his father, he would not believe the ghost, fearing the devil may have taken his fathers form.

Analysis of Romeo: Christopher Boone Essay

In the book ‘the curious incident of the dog in the night time’ the author had created a very unusual teenager called Christopher Boone. The author used strange and unique techniques to create the effect Christopher brings to the readers. These techniques are; the way in which Christopher communicates, how Christopher describes himself, the way Christopher interacts with other characters and the comments of the other characters. Dialogue Christopher is the type of person who doesn’t know how to tell lies. It is not because he is a good person but because he can’t simply tell lies. â€Å"I do not tell lies. Mother used to say it is because I am a good person but it’s not because I am a good person. It is because I can’t tell lies† most people think that telling the truth is the quality of a good person. But to Christopher it is a way of life â€Å"He said, â€Å"Did you mean to hit the policeman?† â€Å"I said, yes†. This quote tells us that Christopher can’t lie even to get him out of trouble The author also teaches us that Christopher is a very precise and logical person. This is shown by the way Christopher answers to others. He can’t understand sarcasm or jokes for this same reason. Christopher likes to know every single detail, so when you tell him a joke, he would want to break it down to every possible meaning it could have. Christopher loves to give as much detail as possible. â€Å"She was wearing boots which looked like army boots and there were 5 bracelets made out of a silver-coloured metal on her wrist and they made a jingling noise.† Christopher does not shy away from detail. He notices what other people do not notice. The author may have made him act like this to give a hint that he is not a normal 15 year old teenager. Narrative The author has written the book in the 1st point of view, so every event that goes on in the book is exactly what Christopher has experienced. The author has given us information about Christopher from Christopher. He tells us exactly what he likes and what he doesn’t. We see the world from his eyes, so we get a good overview of Christopher. â€Å"My name is Christopher John Francis Boone. I know all the countries of the world and every prime number up to 7,507† he is telling us facts about himself and we are given facts directly not indirectly. The author must have chosen to write this way so that the reader can really engage with Christopher’s character and see how life is for him and maybe then try to compare it with their own life. If it was written in 3rd person, we would only get like a sneak peak of how Christopher is and the book wouldn’t give so much of an effect to reader. Language choice Christopher speaks in a very simple manner. The author has made Christopher speak in a very mathematical and scientific way. â€Å"Is it a long cake with a square cross-section which is divided into equally sized, alternately coloured squares?† when someone is trying to have a normal conversation with him, he would always link it to either maths or science. When recounting, Christopher says exactly what happed. He doesn’t forget any piece of detail when recounting. â€Å"let go of the f*****g dog for Christ’s sake† this quote shows that Christopher doesn’t care if a word is inappropriate, he would just write what he heard. I think the author has linked this to the way Christopher speaks because Christopher only knows things which have actual meaning. These words are not in the dictionary so if someone told Christopher this word, he wouldn’t understand because it doesn’t have a logical meaning. Interaction with others One way the author has given us the hint that Christopher is not a normal teenager is that Christopher says that he doesn’t like to be touched. He can’t even hug his own father. â€Å"sometimes father wants to give me a hug, but I do not like hugging people† this quotes points out that no matter how much his father wants a hug or how much Christopher wants to hug his father, he just can’t do it. Christopher’s strange ways led him to a life scared of things such as strangers and being touched. Sometimes Christopher goes through some emotions which he can’t handle causing him to act in an unmannered way. The author has taken his time to work out Christopher’s character which involves Christopher’s worst habit. In this case it is hitting a person who is either a stranger or someone who touches him â€Å"The policeman took hold of my arm and lifted me onto my feet. I didn’t like him touching me like this. And this is when I hit him† Christopher likes policemen, but he hits him because he hates being touched, especially in a forceful manner. Other characters comments In the book Mrs Shears is Christopher’s neighbour whose husband left her. She doesn’t seem to take any interest in Christopher whatsoever. She is more interested in his father. Christopher’s dad sometimes feels frustrated with the way Christopher behaves. â€Å"Then father banged the steering wheel with his fist and the car weaved a little bit across the dotted line in the middle of the road† Christopher’s dad is furious with Christopher. Even though the author doesn’t state it directly we can tell by his body language and by hitting the steering wheel, he is frustrated with Christopher. Siobhan is Christopher’s teacher in his special school. Christopher is very comfortable around her because she knows exactly how to deal with him and his problem. Siobhan gives him exact instruction about what he can and can’t do, she keeps Christopher balanced. In conclusion as the readers of the curious incident of the dog in the night time† we assume that Christopher is autistic because of the way he behaves. He does not behave like any normal teenager.

Impact Of Erp On Organization Performance And Management Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1445 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Information Technology has changed dramatically the performance of todays organizations to increase efficiency and effectiveness from last ten years. It is used all over the world through organizations from developed and developing countries to improve performance. This study examined the impact of ERP on organizational performance and management efficiency with respect to increase/decrease in income/ profit, growth rate, no of customer in bank and no of employees Vs ERP expenses of Pakistani manufacturing and banking sectors over period of 2000-2010. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Erp On Organization Performance And Management Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The secondary data was collected from literature review and financial statement of 10 companies, 05 in manufacturing sector (05 multination in local market) and 05 in banking sector(05 local). The data was tested by applying statistical/financial techniques. The conclusion of research is that ERP has positive impact on organizational performance of all the organizations but the banking sector performance outstrips the performance of manufacturing sector Key words: Enterprise Resource Planning, Information Systems and Organization Performance Introduction Information systems (IS), known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems are packaged business software systems, capable of sharing common data, and accessing information in a real time. ERP applications include supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), product lifecycle management (PLM), E-procurement, and financial management (FM) (Barthorpe, Chien, Shih, 2004; Tsai, Fan, Hung, and Liu, 2006; Cheng, Tsao, Tsai, and Tu, 2007). ERP systems can integrate the business processes of a company, and help organizations obtain a competitive advantage (Lee, Moon, and Lee, 2006; Ip and Chen, 2004). Companies which implement ERP systems gain many advantages, including improving productivity, gaining competitive advantage, satisfying customer demand, and increasing their rapid response capabilities. Tsai, Lin, Chen, and Hung (2007) also indicated that implementing ERP systems can bring benefits for companies, for example reducing cycle time, improv ing flow efficiency, and rapidly generating financial information. ERP systems enable managers to control the whole business and accelerate decision making. Companies implement ERP system to become efficient as well as integrate and modernize the business (OMahony and Doran, 2008) Financial sector is the major user and large investor in use of ERP. In Pakistan banking sector is also progressing rapidly with growth of local and multinational banks (Mahmood 2006). Many local banks are working in private sectors and started their operations since 1992 (SBP Report, 2005). It was year 1965 when computer was introduced first time in banks in Pakistan. The main commercial banks in private sectors i.e Allied Bank, Muslim Commercial Bank started acquiring computer to regulate their banking work since that year (Hussain, 2003, Akhtar 2006a, 2006b). The most recent automated banking systems like Misys, Sibel and Fidility etc have been installed in many of the Pakistani Banks (Kazmi 2004, 2005; Khan, 2005; Shaukat et.al, 2009). ERP provides many manufacturing based advantage to different organization to be the world-class manufacturer. In 1957 Packages Ltd was the first manufacturing company in Pakistan which introduced computers. After that many other companies started using of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) software (an integrated IT software system comprised of several modules that share a central database, designed to automate business process across the enterprise (Thomas and Michael, 2001)) has increased. E.R.P software packages such as SAP, Oracle etc. are being commonly used in many manufacturing industries(Rizvi, 2005; Shahid, 2005) According to Wheelen and Hunger (2000) the organization performance is an accumulated end result of organizational process and activity. These are measured by organizations working and activity. The organizational management manages the organizational performance, control and customer value, as it impact reputation of organization. Commonly organizational work measures include organization effectiveness, productivity/efficiency and industry ranking (Wetherbe et.al.1999). Efficiency is defined as minimum utilization of resources and getting maximum output and effectiveness is how well job gets done (Robbin and Coulter, 2003). Literature review Huq and Martin (2006) argued that ERP is a one management strategy that creates change via process performance improvements. Subramoniam, Tounsi, and Krishnankutty (2009) examined the role of BPR in implementing ERP systems and found that all organizations which implement ERP systems should select their own approach based on organizational needs and constraints. Furthermore, Sumner (1999) examined the relationship between critical success factors (CSFs) and ERP system performance, and identified the CSFs as management support, re-design of business processes, training and re-skilling, re-design of business processes, external consultants, management structure, discipline and standardization, effective communications, maintaining excellent staffing, and avoiding attempts at software modification. Competitive pressure and systems compatibility in business process significantly explain the success of ERP system (Elbertsen and Reekum, 2008). ERP was found to save costs (Huang et al.,2009; Kang et al., 2008; Loh et al., 2006; Wieder et al., 2006), facilitate business processes (Gattiker Goodhue, 2005), and provide better information management (Federici, 2009). Operational aspects like lead time can also be shortened by utilizing ERP systems (Cotteleer Bendoly, 2006; Gupta et al., 2004; Kang et al., 2008). According to Velcu (2007), faster fulfilment of customer orders can be achieved using ERP systems. Gupta et al. (2004) and Matolcsy et al. (2005) also agree that ERP systems provide more customer satisfaction by reducing time of Provide services. In the end, it could be said that previous research suggest that a mixed result exists when analyzing the effect of IT on business performance where some studies supported a positive relation while others suggested that companies adopting ERP did not perform financially better than non-adopting companies (Nicolaou, 2004). It can be also said that the effect of IT on business performance differs from country to country (Pilat, 2004) and should be considered when measuring business performance gains due to ERP adoption Significance of Study The banking and manufacturing industries of Pakistan constitute a major portion of Pakistans economy and have experienced continuous structural and technological changes in different regimes. The manufacturing and banking industries are the major users of IT products and ERP. The both sectors i.e. manufacturing and banking have managed, to some extent, the pace with new technologies for their growth and performance increase. This study is therefore a modest yet significant attempt to explore the importance of the role which ERP currently is playing in the organizations and its impact on organizational performance i.e efficiency minimum utilization of resources and getting maximum output and effectiveness how well the job is gets done Robbins and Coulter (2003), of Pakistani banking and manufacturing industries, over time period of 1994-2004. Various studies have been undertaken to measure the impact of ERP on organizational performance of business organizations using different performance indicators which are considered key factors. These variables include income, customer satisfaction, supplier/customer links, company image, job interest of employees, stake holders confidence and interoffice after implementation of ERP and have concluded that ERP ultimately has positive impact. Limitations of the study This study uses secondary data (Financial Statement 2000 to 2010) , Growth Rate, No of Employee etc of 5 Local Pakistani Banks and 5 Local Manufacturing Companies to examine the Organization performance and Management efficacy with ERP experience. Investigation only uses the limited samples to examine the relationship between Performance and ERP system. Pakistani Banks Name of Standard ERP 1. Allied Bank Ltd. Unibank Swift 2. Bank Of Punjab Unibank Swift 3. First Women Bank Ltd. Unibank Swift 4. Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd. Unibank Swift 5. National Bank Ltd. Unibank Swift Pakistani Manufacturing Companies Name of Standard ERP 1. Atlas Honda Ltd. SAP(ERP) Germany 2. Pakistan Tobacco Co 1. Atl1. Atlas Honda Ltd.as Honda Ltd. SAP(ERP) System 3. Lakson Tobacco SAP(ERP) System 4. Indus Motors Ltd SAP(ERP) System 5. Packages Ltd SAP(ERP) System Conclusion The literature review and secondary data established that ERP play an important role in growth and uplift of todays organizations and a countrys development. ERP is a major source of change and revolution in the working of organizations now a day. It is also established through data analysis that ERP is the important management tool. It occupies a key role in modern science and technology. It is having a pervasive impact on effect every sphere of life and is having great presence in all industries, in service, as well as, in manufacturing. ERP is being used in all functional areas of the organizations to increase their performance and it is now playing more important role in the organizations than labor and capital do. Over the time the use of ERP has increased rapidly in all the organizations There are different Unibank Soft, ERPs i.e SAP, Orcle Microsoft Dynamic etc in the organizations to help managers to perform their tasks efficiency and effectively as per their level. The organizations are using ERP to achieve new goals and processes and perform the things that were not already done. In one line we say that employees efficiency increase because of implementation of ERP in local baking and manufacturing sector since 1990s. ERP investments have positive impacts on the performance of the organizations and management efficiency

Dr. Miller s Heart Of Darkness - 1936 Words

Since the publication of Heart of Darkness, it has been the center of a great deal of controversy that revolves around its depiction of the natives of the continent of Africa at the height of European Imperialism. J. Miller argues that we must first read Heart of Darkness if we are to decide whether or not we should read Heart of Darkness. He also believes that Conrad himself is not racist, but rather he is ironically portraying the prevailing thought in Europe at the time of the novel. Chinua Achebe, however, argues that we do not know if Conrad is being ironically racist or not, but nevertheless his racism is present and is perpetuating the ignorant view that African society is inherently more primitive than that of Europe. This thought has rationalized the Imperialism in Africa and the world for centuries, which makes the novel inherently problematic, especially through his portrayal of African characters in the novella. 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The Workers Of The United States - 1281 Words

Laborers in the United States will lose their occupation, as their work is moved to alternative areas around the world. In July, for instance, Wachovia Corporation declared arrangements to move a large number of its data innovation (IT) occupations to India and told its 3,000 U.S. IT laborers to plan for lay-offs. The suspicion is that these going to-be dislodged laborers will be re-employed quickly, and at significantly the same wages. The information on reemployment results are constrained, however citizens can get a sign from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Displaced Workers Survey (2004). The overview demonstrates that, of specialists who were dislodged somewhere around 2001 and 2003, 35 percent were still unemployed in January 2004,†¦show more content†¦economy has been bizarrely low. U.S. electrical and hardware engineers and PC researchers experienced more elevated amounts of unemployment in the previous four years than amid whatever other four-year period since 1972. In 2003, surprisingly, the unemployment rate for electrical and gadgets engineers (6.2 percent) surpassed the national unemployment rate (6 percent). To place this in authentic viewpoint, all through the entire decade of the 1980s, unemployment among electrical and hardware builds never transcended 2 percent, in spite of national unemployment rates that topped at 9.7 percent. Numerous components, for example, the information transfers bust, have added to the slack business sector for electrical and hardware engineers. What s more, specialists who are unemployed for a broadened timeframe may confront higher weights than the normal U.S. laborer. On the off chance that it s actual that the half-existence of a specialist is three to five years, engineers who are out of labor for a year or more hazard losing forefront aptitudes a great deal more quickly than dislodged specialists in different occupations. The second impact of offshoring anticipated by financial experts is an adjustment in the blend of U.S. occupations, as a few employments move to more effective (lower expense) abroad areas. As few segments are lost, the United States will work in parts in which it has a similar point of interest. In any

The Company overview

Question: Discuss about the Company Overview of the Management ? Answer : Introduction: This report is prepared to analyze the communication role in an organization. Communication is crucial for every business. It helps an organization in accomplishing the goal by communicating it with all the employees and motivates them to achieve the target. Communication is the essential element for every organization. Basically, two or more parties exchange their ideas, beliefs messages through this technique. For analyzing the communication benefits, Kellogg has been taken care of. Communication is the most important way of Kellogg to promote its product in the market. From a commercial viewpoint, the main intention of communication is build and maintains a strong relationship with customers so the company could lead to customers to instant brand recognition, future purchase and product purchase. Company overview: Kelloggs is among the largest ready to eat and breakfast food snacks manufacturer. It is offering many breakfast foods such as waffles, cereal bars; meat alternative etc. currently, company is employing around 32,000 people and operating its business sin more than 180 countries. Over the past years, company is continuously enjoying great profits. The brand of the company includes apple jacks, froot loops, Frosted Flakes, corn flakes, Pringles, nutria-grain, cheez-it-eggo, Morningstar farms (Kellogg, 2008). The production house of the company is in around 18 countries. It has been founded in 1906. Over the past years, company is continuously enjoying great profits. The organizational culture is quite strong also. The main objectives of the company are as follows: Balanced Diet Fitness Programs Nutrition Value Responsible marketing Organizational Communication Principle: Formal Communication: Every organization uses this principle of communication to order the employees and take the feedback from them. In this organization, the communication of the information and orders is done in a formal way and according to the organizational structure (CIM, 2004). This communication style has been adopted by the Kelloggs too. Kelloggs organizational structure chart shows that the communication flows downward to upward and vice versa such as upward (manager) to downward (staff0 and staff to managers. Informal Communication: Informal communication is very normal in every organization. It occurs usually unconsciously and naturally within an organization on a regular basis. Casual colleagues and office grapevine are the main example of informal communication. Kellogg is also experiencing informal communication within the business structure (Mintel, 2008). Many of the employees of the company communicate the other department employees or their friends about the information of the company informally. Interpersonal Communication: Online communication and telecommunication is the part of interpersonal communication. This method allows the parties to interact face to face. This technique helps the company to communicate the news or information very quickly (Griffin et al, 2010). This technique is used by the Kelloggs to solve employees issues and motivate them to work effectively and efficiently. Time and cost consumption get reduced in this category. Organizational Culture: Organization culture is a silent network to understand the employees about the organizations standards and norms. An established culture attracts the employees more and helps them to increase their productivity. This communication principle also motivates the employees of Kelloggs to work according to the organizations standards and enhance the productivity. These communication principles are used by every company as the employees could be motivate without any further consumption of cost. Problem: Kelloggs is having a great competition with Kraft and general Mills. The main sectors in which Kellogg is operating are snack sectors and cereal products. General Mills is more close to the Kellogg in relation to competition as the products offered by the general mills are quite similar with Kellogg (Wilcox and Reber, 2016). In terms of global market and size of revenue, the company is on third largest position. Company Net Revenue International Revenue Gross Margin Kellogg $10906 32.6% 44.2% General Mills $11640 15.8% 40.1% Kraft $34356 32.4% 36.1% The above table depict that company is making very low revenue in comparison of other two companies. Kellogg could concentrate on nutrition values, healthier products, balanced diet etc to change the area which is required to make change in the content of product and the promotional and communication campaign in the effort to change the mindset of the customer and influence them that the product offered by the company is a healthier option (Datamonitor, 2008). Organizational Communication Campaign: Communicating a product or brand is a way to ensure that the customers could relate the product like a level that they would relate it with a particular buying activity. It has to prepare in such a manner that it could be recognized by the customer within many products (Putnam and Nicotera, 2009). It must be in a positive manner and also contain a social message that promotes the social needs. The main objectives of a communication campaign are influenced and inform the consumer behavior. Following is the analysis of communication campaign of Kellogg: Advertising: Kellogg is spending approx 12% of total turnover on promotions that is approximately equal to $1.4 billion. Further, the advertising is focusing over many markets for fulfilling the brand objectives. Such as for promoting the product K, Kellogg has spent euro 5 million in a year. The slogan used for promoting this product was Drop a jean Size (De Pelsmacker, Geuens and Van Den Bergh, 2007). Similarly, the other products of the company are promoted with some creativity such as tigers for frosties to attract the children. The communication has at least 27% of total advertising budget (Tench Yeomans, 2009). Kellogg has included the healthy benefits of the products and communicated that any product of it would not harm the child audience. This depicts that the promotions of company in the media is safe and beneficial for the children. Packaging: Kellogg focuses over the packaging to make it more attractive so that younger audience, youth and old audience could attract. The packaging of cereal brands are specially made very attractive and bright for the children. However, company also focused that the packaging must be in such a manner that the healthier benefits of the company could not be harm (Fill, 2006). The packaging of Kellogg product has a depth information about how could the products satisfy the needs and demands of balanced diet and nutrition value. Sponsorship: Sponsorship is the best way to promote the business. For prompting the healthier and balanced diet food, Kellogg currently started to sponsor the fitness events and working as a partner with organizations like YMCA and healthy kids to promote the value of health and exercise for children (Oliver, 2008). This communicates the consumer about the concern of company about the health, benefits of exercise which enhances the fitness within children. Marketing: With the enhancement in technology, the communication campaign has got many significant opportunities to promote the product (Kolter, Wong, Saunders and Armstrong, 2005). However, Kellogg used this online marketing in a great manner to attract and promote the customer and product. The official website of company www.kellogg.com is the main area of promotion. Further, the online presence of the company also helps the company to achieve the objectives such as health, nutrition, balance diet, fitness etc. thus the online marketing of the company is influencing the customer on a great level to buy the products of Kellogg. Brand Identity: The brand name of Kellogg is recognized and associated with the breakfast cereals from many years (Prehofer Bettstetter, 2005). The brand identity has been altered with the health and fitness options to reflect the growing objectives of the company. The new identity of the company is helping it to attract more customers. The promotions of the company have set a brand image in the customer mind in a manner of healthy and diet food. All the other products of the company has targeted very well to the relevant target market. Thus the market campaign of Kellogg is very well to enhance the market share and net profit of the company. Department: PR department stands for public relationship department. This department interacts with the public, inform the customers about the changes in the company and maintain ties with customers. Kellogg PR department has been analyzed for this study (Messina, 2007). The PR department of Kellogg has been analyzed as follows according to against of studied PR principles: Deceit: It has been found that whenever the PR department of the company releases some news about the company, they deceive. This makes the situation worsen. Company must take care about it to improve the public relation (Kellogg, 2008). Contact Information: This principle depicts that every piece which comes from the PR department of the company must have contact information on it. But the Kellogg PR department doesnt take it seriously and fails to provide contact information on every paper. Target Information: PR department of the company uses the most costly way to inform the customers about the changes such as media or press release (Kapferer, 2008). Company could use the less costly way to communicate the information. Photographs: A great photograph with the caption line could help the PR department to convey the information but Kellogg rather use the most costly ways to communicate it. Media Relations: Media relations of the companys PR department is not that much good. This impacts as a high cost over the company and the message is also get divert (Tse and Viswanath, 2005). Tools: The tools for conveying the details must be appropriate but the PR department of Kellogg doesnt give more focus over it and take the help of random tool to communicate the information. Timing of the company is not good at all. PR department always convey the message at wrong time and it impacts over the sale of the company. Stay Active: PR department of the company is not at all active. They always wait for a particular moment to share the information rather sharing it on relevant time. This makes the message of no sense (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2007). Fact Checking: A message must always be communicate after checking the accuracy of it. But PR department of the company always communicate it without checking any accuracy of the message and due to it, sometimes the communicated information is not at all accurate. Thus the company is suggested to make some improvement in the PR department to enhance the goodwill, market share and turnover in the market. Ethical Problems: Ethical problem refers to a situation which requires an organization or person to choose between many alternatives which must be evaluated as wrong or right. As discussed above the PR department of the company is not performing well and facing many issues in the context of relationship with customers (Broadbent, 2013). Problem solving techniques: Following technique could be used by the companies to resolve the ethical issues within the business so that the relationship with customers could be more strong: Virtue Theory: This theory is one of the most appropriate theories to resolve the ethical issues in an organization. This theory explains that a person cold resolve the ethical problems by analyzing the situation and by ask himself or herself that what would a great person do in this situation. This theory discusses the cross culture virtues, timeless virtues such as wisdom, faith, justice, charity, courage and temperance. This theory could be opted by the Kellogg to resolve the ethical issues in the PR department. Top level management of the company could ask the PR department members about the problems (Breit Demetrious, 2010). The reason behind such problems and identify the root cause of it. This would help the managers to know the main reasons behind these kind of problems and issues in PR department. This theory could be applied by the company as follows: Management could take a 1 to 1 meeting of all the members of the PR department and ask them about the reason. The reason must be analyzed very well. Company could help the employees in resolving the issues or make them understand by giving them situations or options to get over the problem (Guth Marsh, 2016). This theory could help the company to resolve all the issues of PR department and thus the link of company with its customers would be enhanced on a great level. This technique would also help the company to enhance the communication with customer, suppliers, goodwill in the market, sales revenue, share price etc. Conclusion: As could be seen from this report, there are many organizational principle, an organization could implement in its business to enhance the market share and revenue of the company. As study has been done on Kelloggs to analyze the organizational communication principle and its benefit. It has been found that communication is the most important element of every organization. Kellogg is among the top 3 companies in context of breakfast food and cereals. The amount earned by the company in this industry is the $10906 million. Company could be enhanced the revenue and market share through a good communication campaign. A communication campaign has been analyzed on Kellogg for this study. It has been found through this analysis that Kellogg is using the best of communication style to campaign the product of the company. Company has focused over the key elements of the product to promote it in the target market. Kelloggs PR department is not performing very well as the main principles of PR departments are not even followed by the company. The PR department of the company is obliged to make some changes in the technique to improve the relationship with public such as customers, suppliers etc. Some techniques have been suggested to the company to improve the PR department and resolve the ethical issues from the department. Company has been suggested some steps to implement the strategy so that the revenue of the company could exceed. It has been found through the report that communication is an essential element of every business. Without communication, it is not possible for any company to retain in the market. If a company uses the communication techniques in a best manner than the company could easily enhance the market share and enhance the employees. Thus it could be concluded that communication is an important part of every organization. References: Breit, R., Demetrious, K. (2010). Professionalisation and public relations: An ethical mismatch.Ethical space: the international journal of communication ethics,7(4), 20-29. Broadbent, D. E. (2013).Perception and communication. Elsevier. CIM (2004). Marketing Communication: 10 minute guide.Chartered Institute of Marketing.https://www.cim.co.uk/mediastore/10_minute_guides/10minguide_MarketingCommunication.pdf(Accessed 21 March 2017). Datamonitor (2008). Breakfast cereals: Global Industry Guide. London: Datamonitor. De Pelsmacker, P. Geuens, M., and Van Den Bergh, J (2007).Marketing Communications: A European Perspective. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Ltd Fill, C. (2006)SimplyMarketing Communications, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited Griffin, E. A., Crossman, J., Bordia, S., Mills, C., Maras, S., Pearse, G., ... Shanahan, D. (2010). A First Look at Communication Theory, Em Griffin.Details: Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009., 230-265. Guth, D. W., Marsh, C. (2016).Public relations: A values-driven approach. Pearson. Johnson, G, Scholes, K and Whittington, R (2007),Exploring Corporate Strategy,8th Edition. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall Kapferer, J.N (2008).The New Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term.4thEdition. London: Kogan Page Kellogg (2008). About the company.https://www.kelloggcompany.com/(Accessed 21 March 2017). Kolter, P., Wong, V., Saunders, J and Armstrong, G (2005).Principles of Marketing: European Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd Messina, A. (2007). Public relations, the public interest and persuasion: an ethical approach.Journal of Communication Management,11(1), 29-52. Mintel (2008). Breakfast Cereals - UK - February 2008. London: Mintel Group Oliver, S. (2008). Public relations strategy.Strategic Direction,24(5). Prehofer, C., Bettstetter, C. (2005). Self-organization in communication networks: principles and design paradigms.IEEE Communications magazine,43(7), 78-85. Putnam, L.L. and Nicotera, A.M. eds., 2009.Building theories of organization: The constitutive role of communication. Routledge. Tench, R., Yeomans, L. (2009).Exploring public relations. Pearson Education. Tse, D. and Viswanath, P., 2005.Fundamentals of wireless communication. Cambridge university press. Wilcox, D.L. and Reber, B.H., 2016.Public relations writing and media techniques. Pearson

Community Health Assessment Chronic Disease

Question: Discuss about theCommunity Health Assessment for Chronic Disease. Answer: Introduction Social and economic status of the African Americans in the country is very low and a very high percentage of these people live under poverty and low level living conditions. It is quite understandable that there are serious health problems in this community. The major health issue found in this community is Diabetes. Rate of type II diabetes is two to six times higher in African American community in comparison to white communities. Therefore, paper will discuss the how diabetes is a critical health issue and what are the different contributing factors. Paper will also discuss the nursing intervention for community health and how these interventions can be expanded. Factors Contributing to Diabetes in African Americans Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the insulin production in the body and increases the sugar level. The most common form of Diabetes is type II diabetes, which is also associated with high cholesterol, obesity, high blood pressure. People suffering with diabetes are at the risk of heart diseases, kidney failure, and also renal diseases. Compared with Caucasians, African Americans are almost twice as likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes and to experience diabetes-related blindness and lower-limb amputations, and two to six times more likely to have kidney disease (Brewer-Lowry et al, 2010). The low income and poor African Americans are more vulnerable to diabetes and other health complications associated with it. Some of the most significant factors affecting the health of African Americans and increasing the prevalence of diabetes are low socio-economic status, racial discrimination, lower access to healthy food, obesity and physical inactivity (Xanthos, Treadwell Holden, 2010). Problem of obesity is most significantly associated with insulin resistant and type II diabetes. Due to low socio-economic status, people are not able to live in healthy living conditions. The annual income of the African Americans is 75% less than Whites. African Americans get the lower income jobs due to lack of high level education, which also increases unemployment in the community. Lower access to healthy food and more intake of junk food increases body weight and obesity. Improper nutrition, excess of body weight and sedentary lifestyle increase prevalence of diabetes (Leger, 2010). Therefore, African American community has to face the heavy burden of diabetes. Current Intervention for Diabetes Prevention Among African Americans The health care related interventions are aimed towards improving the quality of care offered to the African Americans, which includes medical care as well as self-care. Diabetes Prevention Program is being carried for controlling diabetes and many health issues associated with it. The current interventions under this program include the screening and diagnosis of the disease in high risk population. The people diagnosed with obesity or high blood pressure are being recommended for diabetes test. Current interventions also include community educational programs for increasing diabetes related awareness among African American communities. Another current intervention is Healthy People 2020, which is mainly designed for minority communities like African Americans. The primary aim of this program is to reduce the high incidences and prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes. Under this program, an exercise program and Eat Smart, Move More initiative has been implemented in the Africa n-American community in the North Carolina region. The local health care services are providing educational sessions to minority people to make them aware about the programs. The role of nursing is very significant in current interventions. This is because nurses are the first contact with the high risk population. They can help people to increase their health literacy and remove the communication barriers. Nurses can help the socially vulnerable population with primary care strategies. Better nurse-patient communication can help patients to understand severity of disease, treatment, and importance of adherence to treatment. Nurses play a significant role in health care promotion, as in the current interventions related to exercise and diet improvement programs, nurses can help people to understand the importance of programs through educational sessions, important images and educational videos. (Maurer Smith, 2013). Recommendations for Future Interventions The community based intervention for the diabetes prevention has to be substantial and replicable. The community based interventions can significantly help in improving the behavior and health outcomes. The conventional ways of health promotion can be improved by applying unconventional ways of education components and behavior theories. For the racial and ethnic communities and for those who have lack of access to appropriate healthcare, community health workers can play significant role. According to the study of Treadwell et al (2010), future directions include the need to further establish and refine community collaboration building and partnership development activities with local organizations and agencies to support health promotion and disease prevention targeted to African Americans. The recent evidence based studies have recommended that diabetes control interventions should include lifestyle interventions. The study also states the group based interventions (Paulweber et a l, 2010). According to the study of Lemacks (2013), interventions related to improvement in diet and physical activities can help in disease prevention and health promotion among African Americans. The evidence based study of Xanthos, Treadwell, Holden (2010) suggest that gender specific interventions are also found to be successful in African Americans. Health care providers should be trained for providing gender specific care to target men and women separately for better quality care. For improving the current interventions related to diet improvement, For self care or self management of diabetes, the intervention should include home visit by healthcare professionals (Spencer et al, 2011). The population focused interventions can bring significant changes in the health of people and can also encourage self care. References Brewer-Lowry, A. N., Arcury, T. A., Bell, R. A., Quandt, S. A. (2010). Differentiating approaches to diabetes self-management of multi-ethnic rural older adults at the extremes of glycemic control.The gerontologist,50(5), 657-667. Leger, E. (2010). Prevalence of diabetes in African-American communities: Risk factors and prevention as a social disease. Lemacks, J. (2013). Interventions for improving nutrition and physical activity behaviors in adult African American populations: a systematic review, January 2000 through December 2011.Preventing chronic disease,10. Maurer, F. A., Smith, C. M. (2013).Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: W. B. Saunders. Paulweber, B., Valensi, P., Lindstrm, J., Lalic, N. M., Greaves, C. J., McKee, M., ... Sheppard, K. E. (2010). A European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.Hormone and Metabolic research,42(S 01), S3-S36. Spencer, M. S., Rosland, A. M., Kieffer, E. C., Sinco, B. R., Valerio, M., Palmisano, G., ... Heisler, M. (2011). Effectiveness of a community health worker intervention among African American and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of public health,101(12), 2253-2260. Treadwell, H., Holden, K., Hubbard, R., Harper, F., Wright, F., Ferrer, M., ... Kim, E. K. (2010). Addressing obesity and diabetes among African American men: examination of a community-based model of prevention.Journal of the National Medical Association,102(9), 794-802. Xanthos, C., Treadwell, H. M., Holden, K. B. (2010). Social determinants of health among AfricanAmerican men.Journal of Men's Health,7(1), 11-19.